Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.2019,10, 1523–1536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.150
equality between their height and their lateral diameters. However, discrepancies between AFM and SEM measurements have been observed, showing significant deviation from sphericity as a function of the nanoparticle size.
Keywords: AFM; hybrid metrology; nanoparticles; SEM; size distribution; uncertainty
budget; Introduction
AFM (atomic force microscopy) or SEM (scanning electron microscopy) are considered to be reference techniques for measuring the size of nanoparticles (NPs) because the measurements are based on a direct observation of the imaged NP population. This creates a direct link between the
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Figure 1:
Basic principle for measuring the NP height by AFM and NP lateral diameters by SEM.